René Guénon: The Sword of Islam / Az Iszlám kardja / Sayf al-Islām

"Short of being blended by certain prejudices, it is easy to understand that this must be so, for in the social domain, war, as long as it is directed against those who create disorder and aims at bringing them back to order, constitutes a legitimate function, which is fundamentally but one aspect of the function of 'justice' understood in its fullest meaning. However, this is only the most outward aspect of things, and thus the least essential. From the traditional point of view, what gives all its validity to warfare thus understood, is that it symbolizes the struggle man must carry on against the enemies he bears within himself, that is, against all those elements within him that are contrary to order and to unity. In both cases, moreover, whether it is a question of the outward social order or the inward spiritual order, warfare must always tend equally to the establishment equilibrium and harmony (which explains why it is related properly to 'justice'), and thereby to unifying in a certain measure the multiplicity of elements that are in opposition among themselves. This amounts to saying that its normal outcome, and in the final analysis its only raison d'être, is peace (as-salām), which can only truly be obtained by submission (al-islām) to the divine will, each element being put in its place in order to make them all work toward the conscious realization of one and the same plan; and there is hardly need to point out how closely these two terms al-islām and as-salām are related to one another in the Arabic language.[2]"

[2] We have treated these questions more fully in The Symbolism of the Cross, chap. 8.

René Guénon: Symbols of Sacred Science 

"Ha valaki bizonyos előítéletektől megszabadul, érthetővé válik, hogy ez nem is lehet másképpen; a rendzavaró személyek ellen folyó harc a célból, hogy ezeket a személyeket a rendhez visszavezessék, a társadalom viszonylatában legitim feladatot jelent, s valójában nem más, mint a legáltalánosabb értelemben vett igazságosság egy aspektusa. Mindazonáltal ez a kérdésnek csak a legkülsőlegesebb eleme és így a legkevésbé lényegi része. Tradicionális szempontból a háború kiemelkedő értéke abban áll, hogy azt a küzdelmet szimbolizálja, amelyet az embernek az önmagában lévő ellenséggel szemben kell folytatnia, vagyis mindazon benső tényezők ellenében, amelyek a renddel és az egységgel ellentétesek. A háborúnak emellett mindkét esetben, legyen szó külső társadalmi vagy benső spirituális rendről, mindig az egyensúly és a harmónia megszilárdításához kell vezetnie (ami magyarázatul szolgál arra, hogy miért áll kapcsolatban az igazsággal), és ezáltal bizonyos mértékig az egymással ellentétben lévő elemek sokféleségét kell egyesítenie. Ez azt jelenti, hogy a háború helyes eredménye - és egy végső analízisben ez az egyedüli értelme - a béke (as-salām), amit valójában nem lehet másképpen elérni, mint az isteni akaratnak való alárendelődéssel (al-islām), helyére téve ily módon minden egyes elemet, hogy azok egyesítése egy és ugyanazon terv tudatos megvalósítása végett végbemehessen. Aligha szükséges ezek után felhívni a figyelmet arra, hogy az arab nyelvben az al-islām és az as-salām kifejezések milyen szorosan kapcsolódnak egymáshoz. ^[2]”

2. Ezekkel a kérdésekkel részletesebben foglalkoztunk A kereszt szimbolikájában, 8. fej.

Fordította: Németh Norbert

A metafizikai tradicionalitás évkönyve MMI

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Schuon's Understanding Islam

Foreword

People often ask me: "Why do you like Islam?" and my regular answer is: "Because the Muslims take God seriously; they are aware that God the One is near us here and now, and yet cannot be described, either by intellectual or by supraintellectual means but can be experienced by the pure and loving heart .... "

It is this aspect of Islam which is lucidly shown in Frithjof Schuon's work: God is The Reality, and to be a true Muslim means to believe in the reality of the Absolute and the dependence of all things on the Absolute. Religion, so he holds, ought to be treated as something sui generis, something that cannot be described in scholarly technical terms and whose goal is not to tackle social and political problems but rather to guide humankind to a spiritual level on which all problems are seen, and thus eventually solved, through man's faith in and reliance upon the eternal wisdom of the Creator – an idea difficult to understand, let alone to appreciate, for many modern people in whose world view no room is left for transcendence; and for whom – as the author remarks in passing- religion might "become the handmaid of industry." For the Muslim, however, God The Absolute has destined everything according to His eternal wisdom – "He will not be questioned as to what He does" (Qur'an, Sura XXI, 23) and "man chooses freely what God wills."

These words remind the reader of the beautiful lines of the Indo-Muslim poet-philosopher Mohammad Iqbal, who in one of his last poems tells a praying person that even though his prayer might not change his destiny, yet it can change his spiritual attitude by bringing him into touch with the Absolute Reality:

Your prayer is that your destiny be changed.

My prayer is that you yourself be changed.

This means that you accept willingly and lovingly whatever God has decreed.

As for the Qur'an, it is, as Schuon says, "a closed book," a book which, being divinely inspired has to be difficult and will not disclose the depths of its meaning to the superficial reader; rather, it has to be meditated upon and, as the mystics of yore used to say, has to be understood as if man were listening to God's own words, addressed to him at this very moment. This does not mean simply an intellectual understanding, but an "understanding with one's whole being." The divine threats and promises contained in the Qur'an are symbols for the equilibrium that exists in the entire universe, as all great religions have taught; this is a kind of "Golden Rule" which is at work throughout the created cosmos, because in God the One and Absolute both jamiil- kindness, beauty, relief- and jaliil- power, majesty, wrath- are contained (as Rudolf Otto spoke of the mysterium tremendum and the mysterium Jascinans). They manifest themselves in the twofold rhythm of life, be it the heartbeat or the breathing, the two poles in electricity, or simply the contrast of day and night. And yet, as the Islamic tradition states, God's mercy is greater than His wrath.

The Prophet of Islam, so often misunderstood in the West, represents in his "serenity, generosity, and strength ... the human form oriented toward the Divine Essence," as the author states, and his role is visible in his place in the confession of faith, the twofold shahiidah. The shahiidah is the center of true Islam; it is the statement that "there is no deity save Allah" (which sacred Name embraces all that is), and that "Muhammad is His messenger." It is this confession of Absolute Divine Unity that makes a human being a Muslim. As for man's response to the DiVine Presence, it is prayer; for to exist is to praise God. Sum ergo oro, "I am, therefore I pray," as Schuon changes the cogito ergo sum. Prayer is the activity of all that is created, and as the Qur'an asserts so beautifully: the birds with their wings and the flowers with their fragrance, the glaciers and the deserts - everything is created to glorify God, and man's noblest work is to join this chorus of prayer that permeates the Universe, whether we know it or not.

But what is prayer? "Prayer is as if the heart, risen to the surface, came to take the place of the brain which then sleeps with a holy slumber." "My eyes sleep, but my heart is awake," said the Prophet. This constant awareness of and participation in the laud of the universe is the duty and privilege of human beings, as the great leaders of the Muslim worlds have never tired to emphasize.

Schuon's book shows the essence of Islam, compares its world view with that. of Christianity and often brings examples from other religious traditions, all of which his vast erudition comprises. The style of the work reminds the reader sometimes of crystalline pure forms, and yet one often finds passages which touch the heart. I think that everyone, and in particular those who rely solely upon an intellectual approach to the world and ridicule the beautiful ages-old symbols, should study the passage on page 137, in which the author's language soars to poetical heights, and learn that the scientific approach to the universe does not exclude or contradict the religious interpretation of the world: "What most men do not know – and if they could know it2,.why should they be called on to believe it? - is that this blue sky, though illusory as an optical error and belied by the vision of interplanetary space, is nonetheless an adequate reflection of the Heaven of the Angels and the Blessed and that therefore, despite everything, it is this blue mirage, flecked with silver clouds, which is right and will have the final say; to be astonished at this amounts to admitting that it is by chance that we are here on earth and see the sky as we do."

Annemarie Schimmel

Bonn, 1 August 1997

This is the foreword as a review of

Schuon's Understanding Islam

Published by World Wisdom 1998.

http://www.amazon.com/Understanding-Islam-Frithjof-Schuon/dp/0941532240

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